StackRadar

CVE-2025-48997

High

Advisory

Published 5 Jun 2025In the index since 6 Sept 2026
Severity
High
worst across findings
CVSS
8.7
base score, highest
EPSS
0.004
37th percentile
CISA KEV
Not listed
no confirmed exploitation
Charts affected
72
of 17,781 indexed, latest versions
Container images
70
deployed by those charts
Fix available
1 of 1
affected package

Multer vulnerable to Denial of Service via unhandled exception

Carried by container images the latest versions of 72 of 17,781 indexed charts deploy, on 70 images.

Affected packageAffected versionsFixed inImages
multernpm1.4.4, 1.4.4-lts.1, 1.4.5-lts.1, 1.4.5-lts.22.0.170
OSV records
GHSA-g5hg-p3ph-g8qg

Charts affected

72 by stars
ChartLatestAffected imagesRadar Score
n8nn8n0.23.01 of 1See more

n8n n8n 0.23.0

1 of the 1 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
n8nio/n8n:1.33.1dd171d45102a
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

5,639
redisinsightheywood8-helm-chartsVerified publisher0.4.51 of 1See more

redisinsight heywood8-helm-charts 0.4.5

1 of the 1 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
heywood8/redisinsight:2.28.00bc9ab313d37
multer@1.4.4-lts.1
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

2,828
redisinsight-secureredisinsight-secureVerified publisher1.0.21 of 1See more

redisinsight-secure redisinsight-secure 1.0.2

1 of the 1 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
redis/redisinsight:2.68019fcf774631
multer@1.4.4-lts.1
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

1,721
servarrservarr1.0.21 of 10See more

servarr servarr 1.0.2

1 of the 10 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
fallenbagel/jellyseerr:1.7.06dcdb5ba5091
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

14,238
misskeyalytiVerified publisher1.0.01 of 1See more

misskey alyti 1.0.0

1 of the 1 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
misskey/misskey:12.110.1e08b7c478093
multer@1.4.4
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

5,251
librechatlibrechat1.8.101 of 3See more

librechat librechat 1.8.10

1 of the 3 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
ghcr.io/danny-avila/librechat:v0.7.78c68abbe1cff
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

2,654
hoppscotchdeliveryheroVerified publisher0.3.21 of 1See more

hoppscotch deliveryhero 0.3.2

1 of the 1 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
hoppscotch/hoppscotch:2024.8.2f1da831950b7
multer@1.4.4-lts.1
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

3,451
bitwarden-crd-operatorlerentisVerified publisher0.18.01 of 1See more

bitwarden-crd-operator lerentis 0.18.0

1 of the 1 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
ghcr.io/lerentis/bitwarden-crd-operator:0.17.00a608c6ead85
multer@1.4.5-lts.2
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

2,003
n8none-acre-fundVerified publisher0.1.521 of 3See more

n8n one-acre-fund 0.1.52

1 of the 3 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
n8nio/n8n:0.212.0a9195bc499a3
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

7,776
overseerrpree-helm-chartsVerified publisher1.2.01 of 1See more

overseerr pree-helm-charts 1.2.0

1 of the 1 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
ghcr.io/sct/overseerr:1.35.06197516c9d7b
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

2,702
dltbrokerassist-iot-distributed-broker0.2.01 of 9See more

dltbroker assist-iot-distributed-broker 0.2.0

1 of the 9 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
assistiot/dlt_api:2.0.0e36a8922fa0c
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

77,706
dltloggingassist-iot-logging-auditing0.2.01 of 9See more

dltlogging assist-iot-logging-auditing 0.2.0

1 of the 9 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
assistiot/dlt_api:2.0.0e36a8922fa0c
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

77,687
data-fairdata354-helmVerified publisher1.1.23 of 12See more

data-fair data354-helm 1.1.2

3 of the 12 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
ghcr.io/data-fair/data-fair:3cc9498b64b5b
multer@1.4.4
2.0.1
ghcr.io/data-fair/portals:18b621866ceb2
multer@1.4.4
2.0.1
ghcr.io/data-fair/simple-directory:438a4f32fad82
multer@1.4.4
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

38,346
jellystatdjjudas21Verified publisher0.1.121 of 1See more

jellystat djjudas21 0.1.12

1 of the 1 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
cyfershepard/jellystat:1.1.11c4e2dfa8bddf
multer@1.4.5-lts.2
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

1,722
iobrokereugen0.2.61 of 1See more

iobroker eugen 0.2.6

1 of the 1 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
ghcr.io/buanet/iobroker:v9.1.2ca7dc7362968
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

11,458
ghostgeek-cookbookVerified publisher2.2.01 of 1See more

ghost geek-cookbook 2.2.0

1 of the 1 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
library/ghost:4.37.0767230c0f263
multer@1.4.4
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

4,260
food-managermoreillonVerified publisher0.5.01 of 2See more

food-manager moreillon 0.5.0

1 of the 2 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
moreillon/food-manager:lateste8fd856e593d
multer@1.4.4
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

13,738
open-api-discoveryopen-api-discoveryVerified publisher0.1.11 of 1See more

open-api-discovery open-api-discovery 0.1.1

1 of the 1 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
lukasreining/open-api-schema-collector:0.1.050e021c42e33
multer@1.4.4-lts.1
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

2,473
pdf-editor-helmpdf-editor-web1.0.01 of 4See more

pdf-editor-helm pdf-editor-web 1.0.0

1 of the 4 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
dipugodocker/pdf-editor:1.0-frontendd431c37fe1cd
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

4,206
jellyseerrrtomik-helm-chartsVerified publisher0.0.11 of 1See more

jellyseerr rtomik-helm-charts 0.0.1

1 of the 1 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
ghcr.io/fallenbagel/jellyseerr:2.5.22a611369ad1d
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

2,823
wikiwenerme2.2.01 of 2See more

wiki wenerme 2.2.0

1 of the 2 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
requarks/wiki:latest68f0d1848261
multer@1.4.4
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

3,833
youtubedl-materialyoutubedl-materialVerified publisher0.0.11 of 1See more

youtubedl-material youtubedl-material 0.0.1

1 of the 1 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
tzahi12345/youtubedl-material:latest2f943d584711
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

9,783
dltkvassist-iot-data-integrity-verification0.2.01 of 9See more

dltkv assist-iot-data-integrity-verification 0.2.0

1 of the 9 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
assistiot/dlt_api:2.0.0e36a8922fa0c
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

77,706
dltflassist-iot-dlt-based-fl0.2.01 of 9See more

dltfl assist-iot-dlt-based-fl 0.2.0

1 of the 9 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
assistiot/dlt_api:2.1.0c8a170683be7
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

77,706
mx-apibicarus-labs0.1.01 of 4See more

mx-api bicarus-labs 0.1.0

1 of the 4 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
bicarus/mx-api-service:1.0.2-hf1dab88659ae3b
multer@1.4.4-lts.1
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

4,455
colosseumbook-k8sinfra-v21.0.182 of 5See more

colosseum book-k8sinfra-v2 1.0.18

2 of the 5 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
sysnet4admin/colosseum-cms:loge74b43c7f492
multer@1.4.5-lts.2
2.0.1
sysnet4admin/colosseum-prm:log5802bfcd7fed
multer@1.4.5-lts.2
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

26,996
overseerrbrandan-schmitz-helm-chartsVerified publisher1.4.01 of 1See more

overseerr brandan-schmitz-helm-charts 1.4.0

1 of the 1 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
linuxserver/overseerr:1.35.06108ed066d4a
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

3,071
authfcryptexlabsVerified publisher0.12.131 of 4See more

authf cryptexlabs 0.12.13

1 of the 4 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
cryptexlabs/authf:0.12.11189c07411d7c
multer@1.4.4-lts.1
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

3,769
dumpstoredumpstore0.1.11 of 2See more

dumpstore dumpstore 0.1.1

1 of the 2 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
ghcr.io/manzil-infinity180/backend-dumpstore:226f28ca3efa6d3691044813cd09085e28d4a7b496c90cf82fdd
multer@1.4.5-lts.2
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

4,251
keyrockfiware0.8.71 of 1See more

keyrock fiware 0.8.7

1 of the 1 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
fiware/idm:8.3.3a1b6ed4ae84f
multer@1.4.4
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

3,159
node-redgeek-cookbookVerified publisher10.3.21 of 1See more

node-red geek-cookbook 10.3.2

1 of the 1 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
nodered/node-red:2.2.2e131dcadfe92
multer@1.4.4
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

2,102
ghostghostVerified publisher0.1.01 of 4See more

ghost ghost 0.1.0

1 of the 4 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
library/ghost:5.79.083f7bf209844
multer@1.4.4
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

9,019
api-mapperglenndehaanVerified publisher1.2.01 of 1See more

api-mapper glenndehaan 1.2.0

1 of the 1 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
glenndehaan/api-mapper:latest6ff6310683bf
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

1,158
contentbridgeglenndehaanVerified publisher1.1.01 of 1See more

contentbridge glenndehaan 1.1.0

1 of the 1 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
glenndehaan/contentbridge:latest99b9e4f73848
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

1,000
librechathajowielandVerified publisher1.1.01 of 1See more

librechat hajowieland 1.1.0

1 of the 1 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
ghcr.io/danny-avila/librechat:v0.7.87fe76551a78e
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

2,950
home-assistant-matter-hubhelm-chart-roeiVerified publisher3.0.21 of 1See more

home-assistant-matter-hub helm-chart-roei 3.0.2

1 of the 1 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
luligu/matterbridge:3.0.28f97884bebc2
multer@1.4.5-lts.2
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

3,806
hoppscotchhelm-charts-nr0.3.11 of 1See more

hoppscotch helm-charts-nr 0.3.1

1 of the 1 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
hoppscotch/hoppscotch:2024.8.2f1da831950b7
multer@1.4.4-lts.1
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

3,451
automatischhelmforgeVerified publisher1.3.71 of 4See more

automatisch helmforge 1.3.7

1 of the 4 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
automatischio/automatisch:0.15.03bace7a12d5f
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

5,769
bytestashhelmforgeVerified publisher1.0.01 of 1See more

bytestash helmforge 1.0.0

1 of the 1 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
ghcr.io/jordan-dalby/bytestash:1.5.12eb4f736b8cd4
multer@1.4.5-lts.2
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

739
hoppscotchhoppscotch0.1.11 of 1See more

hoppscotch hoppscotch 0.1.1

1 of the 1 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
hoppscotch/hoppscotch:2024.11.0538fe6ded4b6
multer@1.4.4-lts.1
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

3,614
n8njanip81-helm-chartsVerified publisher0.1.41 of 1See more

n8n janip81-helm-charts 0.1.4

1 of the 1 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
n8nio/n8n:1.86.08b39ed5a2de9
multer@1.4.5-lts.2
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

5,826
image-storage-servicejtektVerified publisher0.4.31 of 4See more

image-storage-service jtekt 0.4.3

1 of the 4 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
public.ecr.aws/jtekt-corporation/image-storage-service:v1.16.17b1493760c716
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

22,589
youtubedl-materialk8s-home-lab-repo5.1.11 of 1See more

youtubedl-material k8s-home-lab-repo 5.1.1

1 of the 1 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
tzahi12345/youtubedl-material:4.3.22f943d584711
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

9,783
visual-regression-trackerkokuwa5.1.01 of 4See more

visual-regression-tracker kokuwa 5.1.0

1 of the 4 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
visualregressiontracker/api:5.0.11941aeb8c8bf9
multer@1.4.4-lts.1
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

9,098
ohmyformkrzwiatrzyk0.0.11 of 1See more

ohmyform krzwiatrzyk 0.0.1

1 of the 1 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
ohmyform/ohmyform:1.0.3afe53f4acdb1
multer@1.4.4
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

4,230
tooljetkrzwiatrzyk1.1.11 of 2See more

tooljet krzwiatrzyk 1.1.1

1 of the 2 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
tooljet/tooljet-ce:v1.18.0c85a4720e42e
multer@1.4.4
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

5,410
component-storekubebb0.0.231 of 1See more

component-store kubebb 0.0.23

1 of the 1 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
kubebb/component-store:latestfd8ecbd73213
multer@1.4.4-lts.1
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

2,178
u4a-componentkubebb0.2.101 of 8See more

u4a-component kubebb 0.2.10

1 of the 8 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
kubebb/bff-server:v0.2.0-202312040fbb732379bc
multer@1.4.4-lts.1
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

13,819
seerrkubernetes-homelab-helm-chartsVerified publisher0.1.21 of 1See more

seerr kubernetes-homelab-helm-charts 0.1.2

1 of the 1 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
ghcr.io/seerr-team/seerr:v3.2.0c4cbd5121236
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

2,548
jellyseerrlbenicio-communityVerified publisher0.1.01 of 1See more

jellyseerr lbenicio-community 0.1.0

1 of the 1 container images this version deploys carry CVE-2025-48997.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed in
fallenbagel/jellyseerr:latest4538137bc5af
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1

Open the chart page →

3,555

Container images carrying it

70 by charts deploying them

A fixed version is listed for 1 of the 1 affected package.

Container imageDigestPackageFixed inUsed by
assistiot/dlt_api:2.0.0e36a8922fa0c
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1
3
hoppscotch/hoppscotch:2024.8.2f1da831950b7
multer@1.4.4-lts.1
2.0.1
2
redis/redis-stack:7.2.0-v91c5f43fddcdd
multer@1.4.4-lts.1
2.0.1
2
requarks/wiki:2:latest68f0d1848261
multer@1.4.4
2.0.1
2
tzahi12345/youtubedl-material:4.3.2:latest2f943d584711
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1
2
anamskenneth/recipe_backend:2025-06-079b7d2cd389b7
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1
1
assistiot/dlt_api:2.1.0c8a170683be7
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1
1
automatischio/automatisch:0.15.03bace7a12d5f
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1
1
bicarus/mx-api-service:1.0.2-hf1dab88659ae3b
multer@1.4.4-lts.1
2.0.1
1
cryptexlabs/authf:0.12.11189c07411d7c
multer@1.4.4-lts.1
2.0.1
1
cyfershepard/jellystat:1.1.11c4e2dfa8bddf
multer@1.4.5-lts.2
2.0.1
1
dipugodocker/pdf-editor:1.0-frontendd431c37fe1cd
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1
1
fallenbagel/jellyseerr:latest4538137bc5af
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1
1
fallenbagel/jellyseerr:1.7.06dcdb5ba5091
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1
1
fiware/idm:8.3.3a1b6ed4ae84f
multer@1.4.4
2.0.1
1
glenndehaan/api-mapper:latest6ff6310683bf
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1
1
glenndehaan/contentbridge:latest99b9e4f73848
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1
1
heywood8/redisinsight:2.28.00bc9ab313d37
multer@1.4.4-lts.1
2.0.1
1
hoppscotch/hoppscotch:2024.11.0538fe6ded4b6
multer@1.4.4-lts.1
2.0.1
1
kubebb/bff-server:v0.2.0-202312040fbb732379bc
multer@1.4.4-lts.1
2.0.1
1
kubebb/component-store:latestfd8ecbd73213
multer@1.4.4-lts.1
2.0.1
1
library/ghost:4.37.0767230c0f263
multer@1.4.4
2.0.1
1
library/ghost:5.79.083f7bf209844
multer@1.4.4
2.0.1
1
linuxserver/overseerr:1.35.06108ed066d4a
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1
1
lukasreining/open-api-schema-collector:0.1.050e021c42e33
multer@1.4.4-lts.1
2.0.1
1
luligu/matterbridge:3.0.28f97884bebc2
multer@1.4.5-lts.2
2.0.1
1
markdegroot/unifi-protect-arm64:latestd8445f2a0de6
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1
1
mishtinetwork/operator:latestbb3fe67a5f7c
multer@1.4.4-lts.1
2.0.1
1
misskey/misskey:12.110.1e08b7c478093
multer@1.4.4
2.0.1
1
moreillon/food-manager:lateste8fd856e593d
multer@1.4.4
2.0.1
1
n8nio/n8n:1.86.08b39ed5a2de9
multer@1.4.5-lts.2
2.0.1
1
n8nio/n8n:0.212.0a9195bc499a3
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1
1
n8nio/n8n:1.33.1dd171d45102a
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1
1
neoskop/papergirl:3.2.67f52b5949f03
multer@1.4.4-lts.1
2.0.1
1
nocodb/nocodb:0.258.06779a4ddedf2
multer@1.4.4-lts.1
2.0.1
1
nodered/node-red:2.2.2e131dcadfe92
multer@1.4.4
2.0.1
1
nodered/node-red:3.0.2-18e2632a7a35dd
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1
1
ohmyform/ohmyform:1.0.3afe53f4acdb1
multer@1.4.4
2.0.1
1
redis/redisinsight:2.68019fcf774631
multer@1.4.4-lts.1
2.0.1
1
redis/redisinsight:2.46699d341bd329
multer@1.4.4-lts.1
2.0.1
1
safeglobal/safe-client-gateway-nest:v1.51.012ccfd93fcaf
multer@1.4.4-lts.1
2.0.1
1
samajh/alprbackend:latestea742b4372ad
multer@1.4.4
2.0.1
1
sysnet4admin/colosseum-cms:loge74b43c7f492
multer@1.4.5-lts.2
2.0.1
1
sysnet4admin/colosseum-prm:log5802bfcd7fed
multer@1.4.5-lts.2
2.0.1
1
th0th/node-red:4.0.3-debiand06fa39f7406
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1
1
thecodingmachine/workadventure-map-storage:v1.17.75bdab56da2fa
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1
1
thecodingmachine/workadventure-uploader:v1.17.73ccd467543b3
multer@1.4.5-lts.1
2.0.1
1
tooljet/tooljet-ce:v1.18.0c85a4720e42e
multer@1.4.4
2.0.1
1
vcnngr/pnbackend:latesteaf44ad0ad1f
multer@1.4.5-lts.2
2.0.1
1
visualregressiontracker/api:5.0.11941aeb8c8bf9
multer@1.4.4-lts.1
2.0.1
1

syft 1.42.1 · advisories as of 14 Sept 2026

Corrections: contact@stackradar.io

Catalogue: Artifact Hub · Advisories: OSV · Exploitation: FIRST EPSS, CISA KEV.